• Banks as Multioutput Oligopolies: An Empirical Evaluation of the Retail and Corporate Banking Markets 

      Berg, Sigbjørn Atle; Kim, Moshe (Working Papers;10/1994, Working paper, 1994)
      The distinction between retail and corporate banking markets is of much importance in real life banking organizations. The two markets differ with respect to concentration, the importance of informational asymmetries, and ...
    • Banks’ Buffer Capital: How Important Is Risk? 

      Lindquist, Kjersti-Gro (Working Papers;11/2003, Working paper, 2003)
      Most banks hold a capital to asset ratio well above the required minimum defined by the present capital adequacy regulation (Basel I). Using bank-level panel data from Norway, important hypotheses concerning the determination ...
    • Banks’ Costs and Income in the Payment System in 2001 

      Gresvik, Olaf; Øwre, Grete (Journal article, 2002)
      According to national accounts data, the financial sector showed a strong increase in productivity in the 1990s. This article explains that this was largely due to changes in the payment system. A larger number of payment ...
    • Banks’ Counterparty Risk – Results of a Survey Conducted by Norges Bank and the Banking Insurance and Securities Commission 

      Gerdrup, Karsten R.; Bakke, Bjørn (Journal article, 2003)
      Norges Bank has overall responsibility for promoting financial stability and works systematically to identify conditions that could trigger a systemic crisis. As part of this work, Norges Bank, in collaboration with the ...
    • Banks’ Credit Risk Associated with the Oil Service Industry 

      Hjelseth, Ida Nervik; Turtveit, Lars-Tore; Winje, Hanna (Economic Commentaries;5/2016, Others, 2016)
      Norwegian banks’ direct credit exposures to the oil service industry are low overall. Despite a substantial fall in oil prices and oil investment, banks’ losses on loans have remained low. The debt-servicing capacity of a ...
    • Banks’ Liquidity Situation During the Financial Turmoil in Autumn 2008 

      Berg, Sigbjørn Atle; Lund, Arild J.; Paulsen, Kenneth Sæterhagen; Sundvall, Nora (Journal article, 2012)
      In autumn 2008, many banks encountered considerable difficulties with portfolio funding. This article describes the impact on Norwegian banks. The authors also look at the characteristic features of the banks that faced ...
    • Banks’ Margins 

      Erard, Monique E. Erlandsen (Economic Commentaries;4/2014, Others, 2014)
      The issue of the pricing of bank loans has recently been in focus. There are varying views on whether banks’ margins are high and their development over time. This article seeks to clarify different margin concepts and ...
    • Banks’ Optimal Implementation Strategies for a Risk Sensitive Regulatory Capital Rule: A Real Options and Signalling Approach 

      Nordal, Kjell Bjørn (Working Papers;12/2006, Working paper, 2006)
      I evaluate a bank's incentives to implement a risk sensitive regulatory capital rule and to invest in improved risk measurement. The decision making is analyzed within a real options framework where optimal policies are ...
    • Banks’ Pricing of Risk Associated with Corporate Lending 

      Bernhardsen, Eivind; Larsen, Kai (Journal article, 2003)
      If a bank on average prices its loans too low in relation to the risk associated with the loans, the bank’s financial strength will deteriorate over time. Banks’ pricing of risk is therefore important to the stability of ...
    • Banks’ wholesale funding share as an indicator of financial vulnerability 

      Alstadheim, Ragna (Staff Memo;7/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      A review of theoretical links between the wholesale (or market) funding share of banks (WFS) and financial vulnerability is provided. The vulnerability may both be within the financial system, and in the non-financial ...
    • Banktestamenter – krav om avviklingsplaner for banker 

      Søvik, Ylva (Journal article, 2011)
      Finanskrisen viste at man trenger bedre systemer for å håndtere banker i krise, slik at man unngår at skattebetalerne må finansiere videre drift for å sikre finansiell stabilitet. Det er foreslått at bankene må utarbeide ...
    • Basel I-gulvet – overgangsregel og sikkerhetsmekanisme i kapitaldekningsregelverket 

      Borchgrevink, Henrik (Aktuell Kommentar;8/2012, Others, 2012)
      Kapitalkravene skal sørge for at banker har en viss mengde kapital til å møte uventede tap. Kravene tar hensyn til hvor risikable bankenes ulike utlån er. Denne risikovektingen innebærer at det kreves mer kapital for mer ...
    • Bayesian Analysis of Boundary and Near-Boundary Evidence in Econometric Models with Reduced Rank 

      Basturk, Nalan; Hoogerheide, Lennart; van Dijk, Herman K. (Working Papers;11/2017, Working paper, 2017)
      Weak empirical evidence near and at the boundary of the parameter region is a predominant feature in econometric models. Examples are macroeconometric models with weak information on the number of stable relations, ...
    • Bayesian Nonparametric Calibration and Combination of Predictive Distributions 

      Bassetti, Federico; Casarin, Roberto; Ravazzolo, Francesco (Working Papers;3/2015, Working paper, 2015)
      We introduce a Bayesian approach to predictive density calibration and combination that accounts for parameter uncertainty and model set incompleteness through the use of random calibration functionals and random combination ...
    • Benefits from Securities Markets and Reforms in Norwegian Securities Legislation 

      Grønvik, Gunnvald (Journal article, 2006)
      This article discusses the ways in which efficient securities markets benefit society, how Norwegian securities market legislation is being modernised to be in line with European standards, and in addition issues related ...
    • Beregning av vekter til Regionalt nettverk 

      Martinsen, Kjetil; Wulfsberg, Fredrik (Staff Memo;11/2009, Working paper, 2009)
      Dette notatet dokumenterer oppbygningen og bruken av vekter for observasjonene til Regionalt nettverk. Fra runde 3/09 er observasjonene i Regionalt nettverk vektet etter et nytt vektesett. Vektene fanger i større grad opp ...
    • Beregning og tolking av renteforventninger 

      Kloster, Arne (Journal article, 2000)
      Forventninger om utviklingen i rentenivået og inflasjonen påvirker den økonomiske utviklingen. For eksempel vil forventninger om økt inflasjon i seg selv kunne føre til høyere inflasjon, blant annet gjennom økte lønnstillegg. ...
    • Beregninger av boligbehov i Norge 

      Molden, Birgitte Hovdan (Aktuell Kommentar;6/2011, Others, 2011)
      Denne artikkelen ser nærmere på endringer i boligbehovet og mengden boliger som er tilgjengelig. En tidligere analyse fra 2008 indikerer at boligbyggingen var lavere enn etterspørselsveksten de siste årene frem mot 2007. ...
    • Betalingsevne og boligkjøpekraft blant husholdninger som ikke eier bolig 

      Lindquist, Kjersti-Gro; Solheim, Haakon; Vatne, Bjørn Helge (Staff Memo;9/2023, Working paper, 2023)
      Husholdninger som ikke eier egen bolig, utgjør om lag en fjerdedel av alle husholdningene. De holder bare 7 prosent av husholdningenes gjeld, men mye av dette er gjeld uten sikkerhet. Vi finner at denne gruppen har lite ...
    • Betalingskort og tosidige markeder - noen implikasjoner for policy 

      Vale, Bent (Staff Memo;6/2010, Working paper, 2010)
      I dette notatet gis først en kort innføring i noen grunnleggende trekk ved et tosidig marked som kortmarkedet. Deretter gjennomgås noe av den teoretiske litteraturen om betalingskort. Vi ser spesielt på om gebyrstrukturen ...