Browsing Diskusjonsnotater / Discussion notes by Issue Date
Now showing items 1-20 of 49
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Sovereign Risk
(Discussion note;5/2011, Others, 2011)Government debt has increased sharply in most developed countries in the wake of the financial crisis. The increased debt burden comes on top of an expected surge in debt due to demographics. Sharpened by the European ... -
Prospective Real Returns in Fixed Income
(Discussion note;2/2011, Others, 2011)In this paper, we discuss the potential long-term real return implications of current yield levels in developed economies’ government bond markets. Treasury yields in the major economies are at or very close to their ... -
The Credit Premium
(Discussion note;3/2011, Others, 2011)In this section, we review the theory and empirical evidence of the credit premium. The credit premium is the excess return that an investor obtains for holding bonds issued by entities other than governments. A natural ... -
The Term Premium
(Discussion note;4/2011, Others, 2011)In this section, we review the theory and empirical evidence of the term premium. The term premium is the excess return that an investor obtains in equilibrium from committing to hold a long-term bond instead of a series ... -
On Risk Premium Variation
(Discussion note;1/2011, Others, 2011)This section provides a brief introduction to modern financial economics and theories of discount factor variation. -
Empirical Analysis of Rebalancing Strategies
(Discussion note;3/2012, Others, 2012)We review the theoretical foundation for rebalancing regimes and look at the impact of rebalancing on the portfolio’s risk and return based on historical return data from 1970 to 2011. We compare both different calendar ... -
Alternatives to a Market-Value-Weighted Index
(Discussion note;7/2012, Others, 2012)We study alternative portfolio construction methods in an attempt to improve the return-to-risk characteristics of market value weights. To understand the investability of these approaches we introduce a novel way to measure ... -
Capturing Systematic Risk Premia
(Discussion note;8/2012, Others, 2012)This note illustrates the empirical risk/return characteristics of the different risk premia, and how one can design scalable investment strategies to capture systematic risk premia. -
Risks and Rewards of Inflation-Linked Bonds
(Discussion note;10/2012, Others, 2012)Inflation-linked bonds are fixed-income securities whose principal and coupons are linked to price indices. They are designed to eliminate the risk of unexpected inflation to the holders of the bonds. In this discussion ... -
A Survey of the Small-Firm Effect
(Discussion note;12/2012, Others, 2012)The small-firm effect (SFE) refers to the long-term average excess returns that a portfolio of small-capitalisation stocks earns over a portfolio of large-capitalisation stocks. In this note, we review the extensive empirical ... -
Modelling the Implied Tail Risk of Foreign Exchange
(Discussion note;15/2012, Others, 2012)From a risk management perspective, tail risks and return distribution asymmetries of investments are important to analyse. In this note, we describe a modelling approach that addresses some of the weaknesses of standard ... -
Return Predictability and Implications
(Discussion note;2/2012, Others, 2012)We review the academic literature on the empirical phenomenon of return predictability and discuss its implications for the rebalancing policy of long-term investors. -
The Value Effect
(Discussion note;16/2012, Others, 2012)In this note, we review the theory and empirical evidence of the value effect. The value effect is the excess return that a portfolio of value stocks (stocks with a low market value relative to fundamentals) has, on average, ... -
Risks and Rewards in Emerging Equity Markets
(Discussion note;6/2012, Others, 2012)We survey the literature on the risks and rewards in emerging equity markets. Drawing on theoretical and empirical arguments, we assess whether a long-term investor should have a strategic allocation to these markets that ... -
Time-Varying Expected Returns and Investor
(Discussion note;1/2012, Others, 2012)What is the optimal rebalancing policy for a portfolio’s equity and bond holdings? The classical answer, building on the seminal contributions by Mossin (1968), Merton (1969, 1971), Samuelson (1969) and others, is that ... -
The Structure of Inflation-Linked Bond Markets
(Discussion note;9/2012, Others, 2012)We describe the market structure of global inflation-linked bonds to evaluate to what degree they constitute an investable and homogeneous asset class. In particular, we discuss the market’s growth, size and composition ... -
Corporate Governance
(Discussion note;14/2012, Others, 2012)In this discussion note, NBIM’s expectations on corporate governance are presented. Expectations directed at boards are discussed, as is the rationale for focusing on board accountability and equal treatment of shareholders. ... -
Well-Functioning Financial Markets
(Discussion note;13/2012, Others, 2012)In this note we discuss the theoretical foundation for well-functioning financial markets and why well-functioning financial markets are essential to reach the objective for the management of the Fund. Against this background ... -
Economic Growth and Equity Returns
(Discussion note;5/2012, Others, 2012)We study the links between economic growth and equity market returns to evaluate whether structural changes to global growth composition have implications for longer-term strategic allocations. In particular, we assess ... -
The History of Rebalancing of the Fund
(Discussion note;4/2012, Others, 2012)In this note we dig deeper into the rebalancing question and examine how the Fund’s rebalancing rules have impacted overall risks and returns. We find that the rules for rebalancing have served the fund well and contributed ...