• The cost efficiency improvement of Norwegian banks can be explained by automation and digitalisation 

      Andersen, Henrik (Staff Memo;9/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      Operating costs in the Norwegian banking sector have been reduced considerably in recent decades, both as a share of income and assets. This has increased banks’ resilience to increased losses and reduced the risk of crises. ...
    • Effects of the IRB approach on bank lending to Norwegian enterprises 

      Andersen, Henrik; Juelsrud, Ragnar Enger; Kostøl, Andreas (Staff Memo;1/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      This paper analyses how the introduction of the IRB approach may have affected banks' lending to enterprises, lending margins and portfolio quality in Norway. Our results show that the IRB banks' lending margins decreased ...
    • Effects of the new standardised approach and the new output floor for IRB banks 

      Andersen, Henrik; Johnsen, Jama (Staff Memo;8/2023, Working paper, 2023)
      The EU plans to revise the capital adequacy rules for banks in 2025. Regulatory amendments will be introduced in Norway through the EEA Agreement. Our results show that the regulatory amendments can significantly reduce ...
    • How much CET1 capital must banks set aside for commercial real estate exposures? 

      Andersen, Henrik (Staff Memo;10/2019, Working paper, 2019)
      The Ministry of Finance has proposed a temporary capital requirement (risk weight floor) for commercial real estate (CRE) exposures in Norway, applicable to the largest banks. CRE is the sector where banks have historically ...
    • Optimal capital adequacy ratio for Norwegian banks 

      Andersen, Henrik; Juelsrud, Ragnar Enger (Staff Memo;9/2021, Working paper, 2022)
      In this paper, we analyse the appropriate capital adequacy ratio for banks from a socio-economic perspective. More equity capital in banks can contribute to financial stability by reducing the risk of costly banking crises, ...