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Critical Realism and Econometrics
(Working Papers;4/2003, Working paper, 2003)In "Economics and Reality" (1997) Tony Lawson advocates a perspective on social reality labelled critical realism. Critical realism maintains that strict regularities between observable events are the exception rather than ... -
Banks’ Buffer Capital: How Important Is Risk?
(Working Papers;11/2003, Working paper, 2003)Most banks hold a capital to asset ratio well above the required minimum defined by the present capital adequacy regulation (Basel I). Using bank-level panel data from Norway, important hypotheses concerning the determination ... -
Optimal Dutch Disease
(Working Papers;3/2003, Working paper, 2003)Growth models of the Dutch disease, such as those of Krugman (1987), Matsuyama (1992), Sachs and Warner (1995) and Gylfason et al. (1999), explain why resource abundance may reduce growth. The literature, however, also ... -
Scale Economies, Bank Mergers, and Electronic Payments: A Spline Function Approach
(Working Papers;5/2003, Working paper, 2003)This paper demonstrates the importance of using a flexible cost function specification when analyzing economies of scale and estimating the cost effect of banking mergers. The inflexibility of the translog cost function ... -
Strategic Investor Behaviour and the Volume-Volatility Relation in Equity Markets
(Working Papers;9/2003, Working paper, 2003)We examine the volume-volatility relation using detailed data from a limit order driven equity market. Estimates of the intraday slope of the demand and supply schedules of the order book are found to capture regularities ... -
Volume and Volatility in the FX Market: Does It Matter Who You Are?
(Working Papers;7/2003, Working paper, 2003)The relationship between volume and volatility has received much attention in the literature on financial markets. However, due to the lack of data, few results have been presented for the foreign exchange (FX) market. ... -
Nåverdien av statens investeringer i og støtte til norske banker
(Arbeidsnotater;6/2003, Working paper, 2003)Under bankkrisen på slutten av 1980-tallet og begynnelsen av 1990-tallet bidro Statens Banksikringsfond, Statens Bankinvesteringsfond og Norges Bank med støtte til og investeringer i norske forretnings- og sparebanker. Jeg ... -
Dealer Behavior and Trading Systems in Foreign Exchange Markets
(Working Papers;10/2003, Working paper, 2003)We study dealer behavior in the foreign exchange spot market using a detailed data set on the complete transactions of four dealers. There is strong support for an information effect in incoming trades. Although there is ... -
The Market Impact and Timing of Open Market Share Repurchases in Norway
(Working Papers;8/2004, Working paper, 2004)This paper examines a detailed dataset on open market repurchase announcements and actual repurchases conducted by Norwegian firms during the period 1998-2001. Firms that announce a repurchase plan experience a positive ... -
House Prices in Norway 1819–1989
(Working Papers;21/2004, Working paper, 2004)Annual house price indices for four Norwegian cities are presented for the period from 1819 to 1989. The indices are constructed on the basis of nominal housing transaction prices compiled from the real property registers ... -
Consumption and Population Age Structure
(Working Papers;22/2004, Working paper, 2004)In this paper the effects on aggregate consumption of changes in the age distribution of the population are analysed empirically. Economic theories predict that age influences individuals’ saving and consumption behaviour. ... -
The Ownership Structure of Repurchasing Firms
(Working Papers;7/2004, Working paper, 2004)This paper provides an examination of the ownership structure in Norwegian firms that announced repurchase plans during the period 1999 through 2001, as well as for groups of these firms conditional on whether they actually ... -
Testing for a Time-Varying Price-Cost Markup in the Euro Area Inflation Process
(Working Papers;9/2004, Working paper, 2004)Empirical models of inflation often incorporate equilibrium correction effects based upon levels of prices and input costs. Such models assume that the steady-state price-cost markup is constant, but recent research suggests ... -
Firm-Specific Investment, Sticky Prices, and the Taylor Principle
(Working Papers;12/2004, Working paper, 2004)According to the Taylor principle a central bank should adjust the nominal interest rate by more than one for one in response to changes in current inflation. Most of the existing literature supports the view that by ... -
Cross-Boarder Diversification in Bank Asset Portfolios
(Working Papers;11/2004, Working paper, 2004)Taking the mean-variance portfolio model as a benchmark, we compute the optimally diversified portfolio for banks located in France, Germany, the U.K., and the U.S. under different assumptions about currency hedging. We ... -
Oil Wealth and Real Exchange Rates: The FEER for Norway
(Working Papers;16/2004, Working paper, 2004)It is often argued that Norway’s sizeable net foreign assets based on its petroleum wealth imply an appreciation of its real exchange rate to a permanently strong level. We investigate this issue within the framework of ... -
New Perspectives on Capital and Sticky Prices
(Working Papers;3/2004, Working paper, 2004)We model capital accumulation in a dynamic New-Keynesian model with staggered price setting à la Calvo. It is assumed that firms do not have access to a rental market for capital. We compare our model with an alternative ... -
Wage Formation Under Low Inflation
(Working Papers;14/2004, Working paper, 2004)This paper reviews the literature on the effects of low steady-state inflation on wage formation, focusing on four different effects. First, under low inflation, downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) may prevent real wage ... -
A European-Type Wage Equation from an American-Style Labor Market: Evidence from a Panel of Norwegian Manufacturing Industries in the 1930s
(Working Papers;4/2004, Working paper, 2004)Using a newly constructed panel of manufacturing industry data for interwar Norway, we estimate a long-run wage curve for the 1930s that has all the modern features of being homogeneous in prices, proportional to productivity, ... -
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in the OECD
(Working Papers;5/2004, Working paper, 2004)This paper explores the existence of downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) in 19 OECD countries, over the period 1973–1999, using data for hourly nominal wages at industry level. Based on a novel nonparametric statistical ...