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A Survey of Econometric Methods for Mixed-Frequency Data
(Working Papers;6/2013, Working paper, 2013)The development of models for variables sampled at different frequencies has attracted substantial interest in the recent econometric literature. In this paper we provide an overview of the most common techniques, including ... -
A Test of Uncovered Interest Rate Parity for Ten European Countries Based on Bottstrapping and Panel Data Models
(Working Papers;9/1997, Working paper, 1997)Based on both single country models and panel data models uncovered interest rate parity is tested for ten European countries relative to Germany by regressing exchange rate changes on interest rate differentials. The ... -
A Transaction Data Study of the Forward Bias Puzzle
(Working Papers;26/2010, Working paper, 2010)Using ten years of FX transactions data we demonstrate that a large share of the FX forward discount bias can be accounted for by order flow. A simple microstructure-based decomposition suggests that order flow creates a ... -
Age Structure Effects and Consumption in Norway, 1968(3) – 1998(4)
(Working Papers;1/2003, Working paper, 2003)In this paper the effects of a changing age distribution on aggregate consumption are analysed. This is done by estimating a Norwegian consumption function which controls for age structure effects. The model is estimated ... -
Aggregate Bankruptcy Probabilities and Their Role in Explaining Banks’ Loan Losses
(Working Papers;2/2004, Working paper, 2004)Increased competition forces banks to narrow lending margins and at the same time relaxed lending standards worsen the pool of borrowers. To preserve sound banking system it is important task to monitor credit risk as one ... -
Aggregate density forecast of models using disaggregate data - A copula approach
(Working paper;5/2022, Working paper, 2022)We propose a novel copula approach to producing density forecasts of economic aggregates combining models using disaggregate data. Our copula approach is more flexible compared to existing techniques, because it is applicable ... -
Agreeing on Disagreement: Heterogeneity or Uncertainty?
(Working Papers;4/2016, Working paper, 2016)Disagreement is used as a measure of both investor heterogeneity and uncertainty. We study whether disagreement captures heterogeneity or uncertainty for the foreign exchange market. We do so by relating disagreement to ... -
An Equilibrium Model of Credit Rating Agencies
(Working Papers;23/2012, Working paper, 2012)We develop a model of credit rating agencies (CRAs) based on reputation concerns. Ratings affect investors' choice and, thereby, also issuers' access to funding and default risk. We show that - in equilibrium - the ... -
An historical perspective on financial stability and monetary policy regimes : A case for caution in central banks current obsession with financial stability
(Working papers;5/2018, Working paper, 2018)The global financial crisis (GFC) of 2007-2008 led to a call for central banks to elevate their financial stability mandate to the same level as their price stability mandate. It also led to a call for central banks to use ... -
An anatomy of monopsony : Search frictions, amenities and bargaining in concentrated markets
(Working paper;10/2023, Working paper, 2023)We contribute a theory in which three channels interact to determine the degree of monopsony power and therefore the markdown of a worker’s spot wage relative to her marginal product: (1) heterogeneity in worker-firm-specific ... -
Announcements of Interest Rate Forecasts: Do Policymakers Stick to Them?
(Working Papers;11/2013, Working paper, 2013)If central banks value the ex-post accuracy of their forecasts, previously announced interest rate paths might affect the current policy rate. We explore whether this "forecast adherence" has influenced the monetary policies ... -
Applying Flexible Parameter Restrictions in Markov-Switching Vector Autoregression Models
(Working Papers;17/2015, Working paper, 2015)We present a new method for imposing parameter restrictions in Markov-Switching Vector Autoregression (MS-VAR) models. Our method is more flexible than competing methodologies and easily handles a range of parameter ... -
Arbitrage in the Foreign Exchange Market: Turning on the Microscope
(Working Papers;12/2005, Working paper, 2005)This paper provides real-time evidence on the frequency, size and duration of arbitrage opportunities and deviations from the law of one price (LOP) in the foreign exchange market. We investigate deviations from the covered ... -
Are Bank Lending Shocks Important for Economic Fluctuations?
(Working Papers;27/2009, Working paper, 2009)We analyze the importance of bank lending shocks on real activity in Norway and the UK, using structural VARs and based on quarterly data for the past 21 years. The VARs are identified using a combination of sign and ... -
Are Real Wages Rigid Downwards?
(Working Papers;1/2007, Working paper, 2007)This paper explores the existence of downward real wage rigidity (DRWR) in 19 OECD countries, over the period 1973–1999, using data for hourly nominal earnings at industry level. Based on a nonparametric statistical method, ... -
Assessing Estimates of the Exchange Rate Pass-Through
(Working Papers;12/2007, Working paper, 2007)We investigate optimal horizons for targeting inflation in response to different shocks and their properties under alternative preferences of an inflation-targeting central bank. Our analysis is based on a well specified ... -
Assessment of Credit Risk in the Norwegian Business Sector
(Working Papers;9/1999, Working paper, 1999)In this thesis, I present a model that measures credit risk in the Norwegian business sector, using firm bankruptcy as proxy for credit risk. Probit analysis, a discrete response model, is applied to micro level financial ... -
Asset Pricing with Concentrated Ownership of Capital
(Working Papers;18/2011, Working paper, 2011)This paper investigates how concentrated ownership of capital influences the pricing of risky assets in a production economy. The model is designed to approximate the skewed distribution of wealth and income in U.S. data. ... -
Asset purchases as a remedy for the original sin redux
(Working Paper;8/2021, Working paper, 2021)We provide a theory on how a wider foreign lending base of local-currency sovereign debt may lead to destabilising effects (the original sin redux). Bond sell-offs by foreigners induce domestic banks to fund the government, ... -
Asset Returns, News Topics, and Media Effects
(Working Papers;17/2017, Working paper, 2017)We decompose the textual data in a daily Norwegian business newspaper into news topics and investigate their predictive and causal role for asset prices. Our three main findings are: (1) a one unit innovation in the news ...