• En effisient handlingsregel for bruk av petroleumsinntekter 

      Akram, Q. Farooq (Arbeidsnotater;17/2004, Working paper, 2004)
      Denne artikkelen undersøker hvor mye vi bør bruke av petroleumsinntektene hvis vi samtidig skal minimere kostnadene ved å bruke dem. Slike kostnader forbindes med sektoromstillinger som ikke kan opprettholdes og må reverseres ...
    • Endogenous Product Differentiation in Credit Markets: What Do Borrowers Pay For? 

      Kim, Moshe; Kristiansen, Eirik Gaard; Vale, Bent (Working Papers;8/2001, Working paper, 2001)
      This paper studies strategies pursued by banks in order to differentiate their services and soften competition. More specifically we analyse whether bank's ability to avoid losses, its capital ratio, or bank size can be ...
    • Equity Trading by Institutional Investors: Evidence on Order Submission Strategies 

      Næs, Randi; Skjeltorp, Johannes A. (Working Papers;12/2002, Working paper, 2002)
      The trading volume channeled through off-market crossing networks is growing. Passive matching of orders outside the primary market lowers several components of execution costs compared to regular trading. On the other ...
    • Error-Correction Versus Differencing in Macroeconometric Forecasting 

      Eitrheim, Øyvind; Husebø, Tore Anders; Nymoen, Ragnar (Working Papers;6/1998, Working paper, 1998)
      Recent work by Clements and Hendry have shown why forecasting systems that are in terms of differences, dVARs, can be more accurate than economet- ric models that include levels variables, ECMs. For example, dVAR forecasts ...
    • Estimating firms’ bank-switching costs 

      Liaudinskas, Karolis; Grigaitė, Kristina (Working Paper;4/2021, Working paper, 2021)
      We explore Lithuanian credit register data and two bank closures to provide a novel estimate of firms’ bank-switching costs and a novel identification of the hold-up problem. We show that when a distressed bank’s closure ...
    • Estimating hysteresis effects 

      Furlanetto, Francesco; Robstad, Ørjan; Ulvedal, Pål; Lepetit, Antoine (Working Paper;13/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      In this paper we extend the standard Blanchard-Quah decomposition to enable fluctuations in aggregate demand to have a long-run impact on the productive capacity of the economy through hysteresis effects. These demand ...
    • Estimating New Keynesian Import Price Models 

      Bache, Ida Wolden; Naug, Bjørn E. (Working Papers;15/2007, Working paper, 2007)
      We estimate a range of New Keynesian import price models for Norway and the UK. Contrary to standard pass-through regression analysis, this approach allows us to make a distinction between the parameters in theoretical ...
    • Estimating the Natural Rates in a Simple New Keynesian Framework 

      Bjørnland, Hilde C.; Leitemo, Kai; Maih, Junior (Working Papers;10/2007, Working paper, 2007)
      The time-varying natural rate of interest and output and the implied medium term inflation target for the US economy are estimated over the period 1983-2005. The estimation is conducted within the New-Keynesian framework ...
    • Estimating the Output Gap in Real Time: A Factor Model Approach 

      Aastveit, Knut Are; Trovik, Tørres G. (Working Papers;23/2008, Working paper, 2008)
      An approximate dynamic factor model can substantially improve the reliability of real time output gap estimates. The model extracts a common component from macroeconomic indicators, which reduces errors in the gap due to ...
    • Estimering av indikatorer for volatilitet 

      Rakkestad, Ketil Johan (Arbeidsnotater;3/2002, Working paper, 2002)
      Notatet omhandler ulike metoder for estimering av volatilitetsindikatorer for finansielle aktiva. Det gis en presentasjon av de enkleste statistiske volatilitetsindikatorene basert på avkastningsserier for finansielle ...
    • Evaluating Ensemble Density Combination - Forecasting GDP and Inflation 

      Gerdrup, Karsten R.; Jore, Anne Sofie; Smith, Christie; Thorsrud, Leif Anders (Working Papers;19/2009, Working paper, 2009)
      Forecast combination has become popular in central banks as a means to improve forecasts and to alleviate the risk of selecting poor models. However, if a model suite is populated with many similar models, then the weight ...
    • Evaluation of Macroeconomic Models for Financial Stability Analysis 

      Bårdsen, Gunnar; Lindquist, Kjersti-Gro; Tsomocos, Dimitrios P. (Working Papers;1/2006, Working paper, 2006)
      As financial stability has gained focus in economic policymaking, the demand for analyses of financial stability and the consequences of economic policy has increased. Alternative macroeconomic models are available for ...
    • Exchange Rate Forecasting, Order Flow and Macroeconomic Information 

      Rime, Dagfinn; Sarno, Lucio; Sojli, Elvira (Working Papers;2/2007, Working paper, 2007)
      This paper investigates the empirical relation between order flow and macroeconomic information in the foreign exchange market, and the ability of microstructure models based on order flow to outperform a naive random walk ...
    • Exchange Rates, Interest Rates and the Global Carry Trade 

      Evans, Martin D. D.; Rime, Dagfinn (Working Papers;14/2017, Working paper, 2017)
      We empirically examine how the global carry trade affects the dynamics of spot exchange rates and interest rates across 13 countries from 2000, through the world financial crisis, until the end of 2011. Our model identifies ...
    • Executive Labor Market Frictions, Corporate Bankruptcy and CEO Careers 

      Grindaker, Morten; Kostøl, Andreas R.; Roszbach, Kasper (Working paper;15/2021, Working paper, 2021)
      CEOs of large firms filing for bankruptcy are more likely to exit the executive labor market after bankruptcy and experience substantial compensation losses (Eckbo et al., 2016). While the fear of reputational scarring can ...
    • Expectations switching in a DSGE model of the UK 

      Borge, Anette; Bårdsen, Gunnar; Maih, Junior (Working Paper;4/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      Rational expectations (RE) has been dominant both in the economic literature and in the macromodels routinely used in central banks. The RE assumption has recently come under attack as one of the drawbacks of the Dynamic ...
    • Explaining Deviations from Okun’s Law 

      Foroni, Claudia; Furlanetto, Francesco (Working paper;4/2022, Working paper, 2022)
      Despite its stability over time, as for any statistical relationship, Okun’s law is subject to deviations that can be large at times. In this paper, we provide a mapping between residuals in Okun’s regressions and structural ...
    • Explaining Interest Rate Decisions When the MPC Members Believe in Different Stories 

      Claussen, Carl Andreas; Røisland, Øistein (Working Papers;7/2013, Working paper, 2013)
      Modern central banks do not only announce the interest rate decision, they also communicate a "story" that explains why they reached the particular decision. When decisions are made by a committee, it could be difficult ...
    • Explaining the Boom-Bust Cycle in the U.S. Housing Market: A Reverse-Engineering Approach 

      Gelain, Paolo; Lansing, Kevin J.; Natvik, Gisle James (Working Papers;11/2015, Working paper, 2015)
      We use a simple quantitative asset pricing model to "reverse-engineer" the sequences of stochastic shocks to housing demand and lending standards that are needed to exactly replicate the boom-bust patterns in U.S. household ...
    • Explaining the Low US Inflation – Coincidence or “New Economy”? Evidence Based on a Wage-Price Spiral 

      Claussen, Carl Andreas; Staehr, Karsten (Working Papers;2/2001, Working paper, 2001)
      We study possible factors behind the subdued inflation in the United States since the mid-1990s. A standard expectations-augmented Phillips curve does not exhibit structural breaks. However, a wage-price spiral comprising ...