• Calculation of Weights for the Regional Network 

      Martinsen, Kjetil; Wulfsberg, Fredrik (Staff Memo;5/2010, Working paper, 2010)
      This memo documents the structure and use of weights for observations from the regional network. With effect from round 3/09, observations from the network have been weighted using a new set of weights that better capture ...
    • Changes in Norges Bank’s Role and Activities in Cash Supply and Distribution 

      Eklund, Trond; Nygård, Svein; Veggum, Leif (Staff Memo;9/2017, Working paper, 2017)
      Norges Bank has made considerable changes in its role and activities in cash supply and distribution since the turn of the century, with the aim of enhancing efficiency in cash distribution and the payment system as a ...
    • Clearingen i Norges Bank 

      Haare, Harald (Staff Memo;22/2012, Working paper, 2012)
      I dag benyttes begrepet ”clearing” ofte om avregning av betalinger og handel i verdipapirer og derivater. De beløp aktørene skylder og har til gode mot hverandre regnes til en nettoposisjon for hver enkelt aktør, som så ...
    • The commercial real estate market - no longer a “black box” 

      Bjørland, Christian; Hjelseth, Ida Nervik; Mulelid, John Henrik; Solheim, Haakon; Vatne, Bjørn Helge (Staff Memo;6/2022, Working paper, 2022)
      Norwegian banks’ exposure to commercial real estate (CRE) is substantial. Historically, banks in Norway and in other countries have incurred considerable losses on loans to this sector during financial crises. Publicly ...
    • Comparing Monetary Policy Transparency. The Eijffinger and Geraats Index - a Comment 

      Claussen, Carl Andreas (Staff Memo;10/2008, Working paper, 2008)
      There is by now a large volume of literature on central bank transparency and communication. One branch of this literature compares transparency across central banks and over time. Recent contributions in this vein are ...
    • Competitiveness and Regulation of Norwegian Banks 

      Ulltveit-Moe, Karen Helene; Vale, Bent; Grindaker, Morten Haabeth; Skancke, Erling (Staff Memo;18/2013, Working paper, 2013)
      This report looks at the competitiveness of the Norwegian banking sector, in particular with respect to banking regulation and taxation. How do Norwegian banks perform relative to other European banks and relative to other ...
    • Contingent Convertible Bonds (Cocos) Issued by European Banks 

      Nordal, Kjell Bjørn; Stefano, Nicolas (Staff Memo;19/2014, Working paper, 2014)
      During the recent global financial crisis, numerous banking institutions faced acute capital strain. In order to support banking sectors, many governments stepped in and propped up financial institutions, often at the ...
    • The cost efficiency improvement of Norwegian banks can be explained by automation and digitalisation 

      Andersen, Henrik (Staff Memo;9/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      Operating costs in the Norwegian banking sector have been reduced considerably in recent decades, both as a share of income and assets. This has increased banks’ resilience to increased losses and reduced the risk of crises. ...
    • Costs in the Norwegian Payment System 

      Gresvik, Olaf; Haare, Harald (Staff Memo;4/2009, Working paper, 2009)
      We calculate social and private cost for the use and production of payment services in Norway for 2007. The calculations include banks’, merchants’ and households’ cost for cash, cards and giro payments. The social cost ...
    • Costs in the Norwegian Payment System 2007 – a Brief Overview of the Surveys and Results 

      Gresvik, Olaf; Haare, Harald (Staff Memo;9/2008, Working paper, 2008)
      The analysis covers social costs associated with payment cards, giros and cash. The bulk of retail payments in Norway are settled by means of these instruments. The social costs of using and producing these payment services ...
    • Costs in the Norwegian Payment System : Questionnaires 

      Gresvik, Olaf; Haare, Harald (Staff Memo;5/2009, Working paper, 2009)
    • Countercyclical Capital Buffer Proposal : An Analysis for Norway 

      Vo, Thi Quynh Anh (Staff Memo;3/2011, Working paper, 2011)
      This paper evaluates the ability of some macro variables, namely GDP growth, credit growth, credit to GDP ratio and property prices in guiding the accumulation of a capital buffer above the minimum during the credit expansion ...
    • The countercyclical capital buffer: A cross-country overview of policy frameworks 

      Arbatli-Saxegaard, Elif C.; Muneer, Mohammad Adnan (Staff Memo;6/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      The countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) is a relatively new macroprudential tool, but the number of countries that have set a positive buffer level increased significantly over recent years. Furthermore, during the ...
    • CPIXE and Projections for Energy Prices 

      Nordbø, Einar W. (Staff Memo;7/2008, Working paper, 2008)
      This paper describes the new indicator of underlying inflation used at Norges Bank, the consumer price index adjusted for tax changes and excluding temporary changes in energy prices (CPIXE). In particular, we discuss the ...
    • Credit, Asset Prices and Monetary Policy 

      Brubakk, Leif; Natvik, Gisle James (Staff Memo;13/2010, Working paper, 2010)
      Based on the established literature, we develop a structural model for the Norwegian economy that incorporates feed-backs from asset prices and credit to the real economy. We then use this framework for policy analysis, ...
    • Credit, House Prices, and Risk Taking by Banks in Norway 

      Karapetyan, Artashes (Staff Memo;13/2011, Working paper, 2011)
      Motivated by alternative explanations of the financial crisis (e.g., Acharya and Richardson, 2010; Taylor, 2007), I study, first, repercussions between house price growth and household credit growth in Norway, and second, ...
    • Cyclical Capital Regulation and Dynamic Bank Behaviour 

      Galaasen, Sigurd Mølster; Johansen, Rønnaug Melle (Staff Memo;22/2016, Working paper, 2016)
      In this paper we develop a dynamic model of bank behaviour to study cyclical capital regulation. We study the decision problem of a single bank that chooses its dividend policy and holds a portfolio of long-term loans ...
    • Da Norge forlot gullet : Norges Bank og kurspolitikken 1931–1933 

      Petersen, Tine (Staff Memo;9/2012, Working paper, 2012)
      Denne masteroppgaven analyserer norsk kurspolitikk fra gullstandardens sammenbrudd og frem til kronens de facto stabilisering mot pundet i 1933. Oppgaven undersøker hvordan ulike argumenter og interesser kom til uttrykk ...
    • Debt and Household Consumption Responses 

      Fagereng, Andreas; Halvorsen, Elin (Staff Memo;1/2016, Working paper, 2016)
      Norwegian households’ levels of housing wealth have since the banking crisis of the 90s become an ever more dominant part of households’ portfolios. Low interest rates and easy access to mortgages have contributed to both ...
    • The demand for safe liquid assets and the implications of issuing a Central Bank Digital Currency for bank funding instruments 

      Müller, Carola (Staff Memo;8/2020, Working paper, 2020)
      The pros and cons of issuing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is currently debated by Norges Bank and other central banks. A CBDC would grant access to the central bank balance sheet to a broader set of economic ...